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https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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feat(dart): add forLoopRecur and update HashMapOpenAddressing (#802)
* feat(dart): add forLoopRecur * feat(dart): update HashMapOpenAddressing
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@ -14,6 +14,25 @@ int recur(int n) {
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return n + res;
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}
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/* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
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int forLoopRecur(int n) {
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// 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
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List<int> stack = [];
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int res = 0;
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// 递:递归调用
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for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
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// 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
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stack.add(i);
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}
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// 归:返回结果
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while (!stack.isEmpty) {
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// 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
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res += stack.removeLast();
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}
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// res = 1+2+3+...+n
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return res;
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}
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/* 尾递归 */
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int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
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// 终止条件
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@ -43,6 +62,9 @@ void main() {
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res = tailRecur(n, 0);
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print("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = $res");
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res = forLoopRecur(n);
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print("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = $res");
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res = fib(n);
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print("\n斐波那契数列的第 $n 项为 $res");
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}
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@ -4,12 +4,7 @@
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 键值对 */
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class Pair {
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int key;
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String val;
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Pair(this.key, this.val);
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}
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import 'array_hash_map.dart';
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/* 链式地址哈希表 */
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class HashMapChaining {
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@ -4,30 +4,21 @@
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 键值对 */
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class Pair {
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int key;
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String val;
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Pair(this.key, this.val);
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}
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import 'array_hash_map.dart';
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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late int _size; // 键值对数量
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late int _capacity; // 哈希表容量
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late double _loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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late int _extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
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int _capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
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double _loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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int _extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
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late List<Pair?> _buckets; // 桶数组
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late Pair _removed; // 删除标记
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Pair _TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
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/* 构造方法 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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_size = 0;
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_capacity = 4;
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_loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
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_extendRatio = 2;
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_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);
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_removed = Pair(-1, "-1");
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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@ -40,19 +31,42 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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return _size / _capacity;
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}
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/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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int findBucket(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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int firstTombstone = -1;
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// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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while (_buckets[index] != null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引
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if (_buckets[index]!.key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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_buckets[firstTombstone] = _buckets[index];
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_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
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return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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}
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return index; // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && _buckets[index] == _TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index;
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}
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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index = (index + 1) % _capacity;
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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String? get(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < _capacity; i++) {
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % _capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 null
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if (_buckets[j] == null) return null;
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val
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if (_buckets[j]!.key == key && _buckets[j] != _removed)
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return _buckets[j]!.val;
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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return _buckets[index]!.val;
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
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return null;
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}
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@ -62,42 +76,26 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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if (loadFactor() > _loadThres) {
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extend();
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}
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < _capacity; i++) {
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % _capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶
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if (_buckets[j] == null || _buckets[j] == _removed) {
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_buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);
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_size += 1;
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return;
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}
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val
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if (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {
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_buckets[j]!.val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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_buckets[index]!.val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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_buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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_size++;
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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void remove(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < _capacity; i++) {
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % _capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回
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if (_buckets[j] == null) {
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return;
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}
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回
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if (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {
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_buckets[j] = _removed;
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_size -= 1;
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return;
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {
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_buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;
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_size--;
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}
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}
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@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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_size = 0;
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != null && pair != _removed) {
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if (pair != null && pair != _TOMBSTONE) {
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put(pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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@ -120,10 +118,12 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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void printHashMap() {
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for (Pair? pair in _buckets) {
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if (pair != null) {
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print("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
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if (pair == null) {
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print("null");
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} else if (pair == _TOMBSTONE) {
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print("TOMBSTONE");
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} else {
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print(null);
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print("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
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}
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}
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}
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