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krahets 2024-05-04 19:57:08 +08:00
parent 23353e7960
commit 689db9d610
515 changed files with 1239 additions and 538 deletions

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@ -3921,45 +3921,46 @@
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Q&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 &#39;Q&#39; 代表皇后,&#39;#&#39; 代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Q&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 &#39;Q&#39; 代表皇后,&#39;#&#39; 代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-51" name="__codelineno-4-51" href="#__codelineno-4-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

View File

@ -3929,7 +3929,20 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bubble_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">bubble_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bubble_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 冒泡排序 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bubble_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 外循环:未排序区间为 [0, i]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 内循环:将未排序区间 [0, i] 中的最大元素交换至该区间的最右端</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4213,7 +4226,25 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bubble_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">bubble_sort_with_flag</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">bubble_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1">### 冒泡排序(标志优化)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">bubble_sort_with_flag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 外循环:未排序区间为 [0, i]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 初始化标志位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 内循环:将未排序区间 [0, i] 中的最大元素交换至该区间的最右端</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 记录交换元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-14" name="__codelineno-26-14" href="#__codelineno-26-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-15" name="__codelineno-26-15" href="#__codelineno-26-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-16" name="__codelineno-26-16" href="#__codelineno-26-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-26-17" name="__codelineno-26-17" href="#__codelineno-26-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unless</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 此轮“冒泡”未交换任何元素,直接跳出</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-18" name="__codelineno-26-18" href="#__codelineno-26-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-19" name="__codelineno-26-19" href="#__codelineno-26-19"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

View File

@ -4016,7 +4016,25 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">counting_sort_naive</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 计数排序 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">counting_sort_naive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 简单实现,无法用于排序对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 3. 遍历 counter ,将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4496,7 +4514,30 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">counting_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1">### 计数排序 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">counting_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 完整实现,可排序对象,并且是稳定排序</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 3. 求 counter 的前缀和,将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 4. 倒序遍历 nums, 将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-14" name="__codelineno-26-14" href="#__codelineno-26-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-15" name="__codelineno-26-15" href="#__codelineno-26-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-16" name="__codelineno-26-16" href="#__codelineno-26-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-17" name="__codelineno-26-17" href="#__codelineno-26-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-18" name="__codelineno-26-18" href="#__codelineno-26-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-19" name="__codelineno-26-19" href="#__codelineno-26-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-20" name="__codelineno-26-20" href="#__codelineno-26-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 令前缀和自减 1 ,得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-21" name="__codelineno-26-21" href="#__codelineno-26-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-22" name="__codelineno-26-22" href="#__codelineno-26-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-23" name="__codelineno-26-23" href="#__codelineno-26-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-24" name="__codelineno-26-24" href="#__codelineno-26-24"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
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</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">QuickSort</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 哨兵划分 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">partition</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 以 nums[left] 为基准数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 返回基准数的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4260,7 +4277,18 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">QuickSort</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1">### 快速排序类 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 子数组长度不为 1 时递归</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 哨兵划分</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 递归左子数组、右子数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4702,9 +4730,38 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">QuickSortMedian</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">median_three</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">QuickSortMedian</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="c1">### 选取三个候选元素的中位数 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">median_three</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 选取三个候选元素的中位数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># m 在 l 和 r 之间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># l 在 m 和 r 之间</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8" href="#__codelineno-40-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_m</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9" href="#__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10" href="#__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11" href="#__codelineno-40-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12" href="#__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="c1">### 哨兵划分(三数取中值)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-13" name="__codelineno-40-13" href="#__codelineno-40-13"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">partition</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-14" name="__codelineno-40-14" href="#__codelineno-40-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### 以 nums[left] 为基准数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-15" name="__codelineno-40-15" href="#__codelineno-40-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">med</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">median_three</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-16" name="__codelineno-40-16" href="#__codelineno-40-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将中位数交换至数组最左断</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-17" name="__codelineno-40-17" href="#__codelineno-40-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">med</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">med</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-18" name="__codelineno-40-18" href="#__codelineno-40-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-19" name="__codelineno-40-19" href="#__codelineno-40-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-20" name="__codelineno-40-20" href="#__codelineno-40-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-21" name="__codelineno-40-21" href="#__codelineno-40-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-22" name="__codelineno-40-22" href="#__codelineno-40-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-23" name="__codelineno-40-23" href="#__codelineno-40-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-24" name="__codelineno-40-24" href="#__codelineno-40-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-25" name="__codelineno-40-25" href="#__codelineno-40-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-26" name="__codelineno-40-26" href="#__codelineno-40-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-27" name="__codelineno-40-27" href="#__codelineno-40-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-28" name="__codelineno-40-28" href="#__codelineno-40-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-29" name="__codelineno-40-29" href="#__codelineno-40-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-30" name="__codelineno-40-30" href="#__codelineno-40-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-31" name="__codelineno-40-31" href="#__codelineno-40-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 返回基准数的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-32" name="__codelineno-40-32" href="#__codelineno-40-32"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4985,7 +5042,22 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">QuickSortTailCall</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">quick_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="c1">### 快速排序(尾递归优化)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-2" name="__codelineno-54-2" href="#__codelineno-54-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-3" name="__codelineno-54-3" href="#__codelineno-54-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 子数组长度不为 1 时递归</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-4" name="__codelineno-54-4" href="#__codelineno-54-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-5" name="__codelineno-54-5" href="#__codelineno-54-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 哨兵划分</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-6" name="__codelineno-54-6" href="#__codelineno-54-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">partition</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-7" name="__codelineno-54-7" href="#__codelineno-54-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快速排序</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-8" name="__codelineno-54-8" href="#__codelineno-54-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-9" name="__codelineno-54-9" href="#__codelineno-54-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-10" name="__codelineno-54-10" href="#__codelineno-54-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 剩余未排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-11" name="__codelineno-54-11" href="#__codelineno-54-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-12" name="__codelineno-54-12" href="#__codelineno-54-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quick_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-13" name="__codelineno-54-13" href="#__codelineno-54-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pivot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 剩余未排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-14" name="__codelineno-54-14" href="#__codelineno-54-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-15" name="__codelineno-54-15" href="#__codelineno-54-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-16" name="__codelineno-54-16" href="#__codelineno-54-16"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

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@ -4305,11 +4305,51 @@ x_k = \lfloor\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\rfloor \bmod d
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">radix_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">radix_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 获取元素 num 的第 k 位,其中 exp = 10^(k-1) ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 转入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="c1">### 计数排序(根据 nums 第 k 位排序)###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位,记为 d</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 统计数字 d 的出现次数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 求前缀和,将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 倒序遍历,根据桶内统计结果,将各元素填入 res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将当前元素填入索引 j</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将 d 的数量减 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a><span class="c1">### 基数排序 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">radix_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 获取数组的最大元素,用于判断最大位数</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-34" name="__codelineno-12-34" href="#__codelineno-12-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-35" name="__codelineno-12-35" href="#__codelineno-12-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-36" name="__codelineno-12-36" href="#__codelineno-12-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-37" name="__codelineno-12-37" href="#__codelineno-12-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-38" name="__codelineno-12-38" href="#__codelineno-12-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-39" name="__codelineno-12-39" href="#__codelineno-12-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-40" name="__codelineno-12-40" href="#__codelineno-12-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-41" name="__codelineno-12-41" href="#__codelineno-12-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 即 exp = 10^(k-1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-42" name="__codelineno-12-42" href="#__codelineno-12-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counting_sort_digit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-43" name="__codelineno-12-43" href="#__codelineno-12-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-44" name="__codelineno-12-44" href="#__codelineno-12-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-45" name="__codelineno-12-45" href="#__codelineno-12-45"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
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@ -3926,7 +3926,22 @@
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">selection_sort</span><span class="p">}</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 选择排序 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">selection_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
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@ -3848,45 +3848,46 @@
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Q&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 &#39;Q&#39; 代表皇后,&#39;#&#39; 代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Q&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 &#39;Q&#39; 代表皇后,&#39;#&#39; 代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;#&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-51" name="__codelineno-4-51" href="#__codelineno-4-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">

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@ -4382,8 +4382,8 @@
<p>Let the size of the input data be <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, the following chart displays common types of space complexities (arranged from low to high).</p>
<div class="arithmatex">\[
\begin{aligned}
O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
\text{Constant Order} &lt; \text{Logarithmic Order} &lt; \text{Linear Order} &lt; \text{Quadratic Order} &lt; \text{Exponential Order}
&amp; O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
&amp; \text{Constant} &lt; \text{Logarithmic} &lt; \text{Linear} &lt; \text{Quadratic} &lt; \text{Exponential}
\end{aligned}
\]</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_common_types.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Common types of space complexity" class="animation-figure" src="../space_complexity.assets/space_complexity_common_types.png" /></a></p>

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@ -4697,8 +4697,8 @@ T(n) &amp; = n^2 + n &amp; \text{Simplified Count (o.O)}
<p>Let's consider the input data size as <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>. The common types of time complexities are illustrated below, arranged from lowest to highest:</p>
<div class="arithmatex">\[
\begin{aligned}
O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!) \newline
\text{Constant Order} &lt; \text{Logarithmic Order} &lt; \text{Linear Order} &lt; \text{Linear-Logarithmic Order} &lt; \text{Quadratic Order} &lt; \text{Exponential Order} &lt; \text{Factorial Order}
&amp; O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!) \newline
&amp; \text{Constant} &lt; \text{Log} &lt; \text{Linear} &lt; \text{Linear-Log} &lt; \text{Quadratic} &lt; \text{Exp} &lt; \text{Factorial}
\end{aligned}
\]</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../time_complexity.assets/time_complexity_common_types.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Common types of time complexity" class="animation-figure" src="../time_complexity.assets/time_complexity_common_types.png" /></a></p>

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