mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2025-01-23 22:40:25 +08:00
Merge branch 'krahets:master' into master
This commit is contained in:
commit
3fc8275520
16
Dockerfile
Normal file
16
Dockerfile
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
||||
FROM python:3.9.0-alpine
|
||||
|
||||
RUN pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --upgrade pip
|
||||
RUN pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple mkdocs-material==9.0.2
|
||||
|
||||
WORKDIR /app
|
||||
|
||||
COPY codes /app/codes
|
||||
COPY docs /app/docs
|
||||
COPY mkdocs.yml /app/mkdocs.yml
|
||||
|
||||
RUN mkdir ./docs/overrides && mkdocs build
|
||||
|
||||
EXPOSE 8000
|
||||
|
||||
CMD ["mkdocs", "serve", "-a", "0.0.0.0:8000"]
|
45
codes/go/chapter_heap/heap.go
Normal file
45
codes/go/chapter_heap/heap.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
// File: intHeap.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-12
|
||||
// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_heap
|
||||
|
||||
// Go 语言中可以通过实现 heap.Interface 来构建整数大顶堆
|
||||
// 实现 heap.Interface 需要同时实现 sort.Interface
|
||||
type intHeap []any
|
||||
|
||||
// Push heap.Interface 的方法,实现推入元素到堆
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {
|
||||
// Push 和 Pop 使用 pointer receiver 作为参数
|
||||
// 因为它们不仅会对切片的内容进行调整,还会修改切片的长度。
|
||||
*h = append(*h, x.(int))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Pop heap.Interface 的方法,实现弹出堆顶元素
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Pop() any {
|
||||
// 待出堆元素存放在最后
|
||||
last := (*h)[len(*h)-1]
|
||||
*h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]
|
||||
return last
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Len sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Len() int {
|
||||
return len(*h)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Less sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {
|
||||
// 如果实现小顶堆,则需要调整为小于号
|
||||
return (*h)[i].(int) > (*h)[j].(int)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Swap sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {
|
||||
(*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Top 获取堆顶元素
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Top() any {
|
||||
return (*h)[0]
|
||||
}
|
90
codes/go/chapter_heap/heap_test.go
Normal file
90
codes/go/chapter_heap/heap_test.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
// File: heap_test.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-12
|
||||
// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_heap
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"container/heap"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
|
||||
. "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func testPush(h *intHeap, val int) {
|
||||
// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法,来添加元素
|
||||
heap.Push(h, val)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n元素 %d 入堆后 \n", val)
|
||||
PrintHeap(*h)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func testPop(h *intHeap) {
|
||||
// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法,来移除元素
|
||||
val := heap.Pop(h)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆顶元素 %d 出堆后 \n", val)
|
||||
PrintHeap(*h)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestHeap(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
/* 初始化堆 */
|
||||
// 初始化大顶堆
|
||||
maxHeap := &intHeap{}
|
||||
heap.Init(maxHeap)
|
||||
/* 元素入堆 */
|
||||
testPush(maxHeap, 1)
|
||||
testPush(maxHeap, 3)
|
||||
testPush(maxHeap, 2)
|
||||
testPush(maxHeap, 5)
|
||||
testPush(maxHeap, 4)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
|
||||
top := maxHeap.Top()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆顶元素为 %d\n", top)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
|
||||
testPop(maxHeap)
|
||||
testPop(maxHeap)
|
||||
testPop(maxHeap)
|
||||
testPop(maxHeap)
|
||||
testPop(maxHeap)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
||||
size := len(*maxHeap)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆元素数量为 %d\n", size)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
||||
isEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆是否为空 %t\n", isEmpty)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestMyHeap(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
/* 初始化堆 */
|
||||
// 初始化大顶堆
|
||||
maxHeap := newMaxHeap([]any{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2})
|
||||
fmt.Printf("输入数组并建堆后\n")
|
||||
maxHeap.print()
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
|
||||
peek := maxHeap.peek()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆顶元素为 %d\n", peek)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入堆 */
|
||||
val := 7
|
||||
maxHeap.push(val)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n元素 %d 入堆后\n", val)
|
||||
maxHeap.print()
|
||||
|
||||
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
|
||||
peek = maxHeap.poll()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆顶元素 %d 出堆后\n", peek)
|
||||
maxHeap.print()
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
||||
size := maxHeap.size()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆元素数量为 %d\n", size)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
||||
isEmpty := maxHeap.isEmpty()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆是否为空 %t\n", isEmpty)
|
||||
}
|
139
codes/go/chapter_heap/my_heap.go
Normal file
139
codes/go/chapter_heap/my_heap.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
|
||||
// File: my_heap.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-12
|
||||
// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_heap
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
|
||||
. "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type maxHeap struct {
|
||||
// 使用切片而非数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
|
||||
data []any
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
|
||||
func newHeap() *maxHeap {
|
||||
return &maxHeap{
|
||||
data: make([]any, 0),
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数,根据切片建堆 */
|
||||
func newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {
|
||||
// 所有元素入堆
|
||||
h := &maxHeap{data: nums}
|
||||
for i := len(h.data) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
|
||||
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
|
||||
h.siftDown(i)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return h
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {
|
||||
return 2*i + 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {
|
||||
return 2*i + 2
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取父结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {
|
||||
// 向下整除
|
||||
return (i - 1) / 2
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 交换元素 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) swap(i, j int) {
|
||||
h.data[i], h.data[j] = h.data[j], h.data[i]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) size() int {
|
||||
return len(h.data)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) isEmpty() bool {
|
||||
return len(h.data) == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) peek() any {
|
||||
return h.data[0]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入堆 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {
|
||||
// 添加结点
|
||||
h.data = append(h.data, val)
|
||||
// 从底至顶堆化
|
||||
h.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {
|
||||
for true {
|
||||
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
|
||||
p := h.parent(i)
|
||||
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
|
||||
if p < 0 || h.data[i].(int) <= h.data[p].(int) {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换两结点
|
||||
h.swap(i, p)
|
||||
// 循环向上堆化
|
||||
i = p
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出堆 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) poll() any {
|
||||
// 判空处理
|
||||
if h.isEmpty() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("error")
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
|
||||
h.swap(0, h.size()-1)
|
||||
// 删除结点
|
||||
val := h.data[len(h.data)-1]
|
||||
h.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]
|
||||
// 从顶至底堆化
|
||||
h.siftDown(0)
|
||||
|
||||
// 返回堆顶元素
|
||||
return val
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {
|
||||
for true {
|
||||
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 max
|
||||
l, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i
|
||||
if l < h.size() && h.data[l].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {
|
||||
max = l
|
||||
}
|
||||
if r < h.size() && h.data[r].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {
|
||||
max = r
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
|
||||
if max == i {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换两结点
|
||||
h.swap(i, max)
|
||||
// 循环向下堆化
|
||||
i = max
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) print() {
|
||||
PrintHeap(h.data)
|
||||
}
|
@ -29,6 +29,22 @@ func PrintList(list *list.List) {
|
||||
fmt.Print(e.Value, "]\n")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// PrintMap Print a hash map
|
||||
func PrintMap[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) {
|
||||
for key, value := range m {
|
||||
fmt.Println(key, "->", value)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// PrintHeap Print a heap
|
||||
func PrintHeap(h []any) {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆的数组表示:")
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%v", h)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("\n堆的树状表示:\n")
|
||||
root := ArrToTree(h)
|
||||
PrintTree(root)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// PrintLinkedList Print a linked list
|
||||
func PrintLinkedList(node *ListNode) {
|
||||
if node == nil {
|
||||
@ -97,10 +113,3 @@ func showTrunk(t *trunk) {
|
||||
showTrunk(t.prev)
|
||||
fmt.Print(t.str)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// PrintMap Print a hash map
|
||||
func PrintMap[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) {
|
||||
for key, value := range m {
|
||||
fmt.Println(key, "->", value)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ let package = Package(
|
||||
.executable(name: "stack", targets: ["stack"]),
|
||||
.executable(name: "linkedlist_stack", targets: ["linkedlist_stack"]),
|
||||
.executable(name: "array_stack", targets: ["array_stack"]),
|
||||
.executable(name: "queue", targets: ["queue"]),
|
||||
.executable(name: "linkedlist_queue", targets: ["linkedlist_queue"]),
|
||||
.executable(name: "array_queue", targets: ["array_queue"]),
|
||||
],
|
||||
targets: [
|
||||
.target(name: "utils", path: "utils"),
|
||||
@ -30,5 +33,8 @@ let package = Package(
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "stack", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["stack.swift"]),
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "linkedlist_stack", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["linkedlist_stack.swift"]),
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "array_stack", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["array_stack.swift"]),
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "queue", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["queue.swift"]),
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "linkedlist_queue", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["linkedlist_queue.swift"]),
|
||||
.executableTarget(name: "array_queue", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["array_queue.swift"]),
|
||||
]
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
116
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.swift
Normal file
116
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.swift
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_queue.swift
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-01-11
|
||||
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
private var nums: [Int] // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private var front = 0 // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
private var rear = 0 // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
init(capacity: Int) {
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
||||
func capacity() -> Int {
|
||||
nums.count
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
func size() -> Int {
|
||||
let capacity = capacity()
|
||||
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
||||
return (capacity + rear - front) % capacity
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
rear - front == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
func offer(num: Int) {
|
||||
if size() == capacity() {
|
||||
print("队列已满")
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
nums[rear] = num
|
||||
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
||||
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func poll() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
// 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
||||
front = (front + 1) % capacity()
|
||||
return num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("队列为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nums[front]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回数组 */
|
||||
func toArray() -> [Int] {
|
||||
let size = size()
|
||||
let capacity = capacity()
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size)
|
||||
for (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 < size - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {
|
||||
res[i] = nums[j % capacity]
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@main
|
||||
enum _ArrayQueue {
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
static func main() {
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
let capacity = 10
|
||||
let queue = ArrayQueue(capacity: capacity)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 1)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 3)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 2)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 5)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 4)
|
||||
print("队列 queue = \(queue.toArray())")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
let peek = queue.peek()
|
||||
print("队首元素 peek = \(peek)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
let poll = queue.poll()
|
||||
print("出队元素 poll = \(poll),出队后 queue = \(queue.toArray())")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
let size = queue.size()
|
||||
print("队列长度 size = \(size)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
let isEmpty = queue.isEmpty()
|
||||
print("队列是否为空 = \(isEmpty)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 测试环形数组 */
|
||||
for i in 0 ..< 10 {
|
||||
queue.offer(num: i)
|
||||
queue.poll()
|
||||
print("第 \(i) 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = \(queue.toArray())")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func pop() -> Int {
|
||||
if stack.isEmpty {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return stack.removeLast()
|
||||
@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if stack.isEmpty {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return stack.last!
|
||||
|
105
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.swift
Normal file
105
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.swift
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linkedlist_queue.swift
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-01-11
|
||||
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
import utils
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListQueue {
|
||||
private var front: ListNode? // 头结点
|
||||
private var rear: ListNode? // 尾结点
|
||||
private var _size = 0
|
||||
|
||||
init() {}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
func size() -> Int {
|
||||
_size
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
size() == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
func offer(num: Int) {
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
let node = ListNode(x: num)
|
||||
// 如果队列为空,则令头、尾结点都指向该结点
|
||||
if front == nil {
|
||||
front = node
|
||||
rear = node
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 如果队列不为空,则将该结点添加到尾结点后
|
||||
else {
|
||||
rear?.next = node
|
||||
rear = node
|
||||
}
|
||||
_size += 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func poll() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
front = front?.next
|
||||
_size -= 1
|
||||
return num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("队列为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return front!.val
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
func toArray() -> [Int] {
|
||||
var node = front
|
||||
var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())
|
||||
for i in res.indices {
|
||||
res[i] = node!.val
|
||||
node = node?.next
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@main
|
||||
enum _LinkedListQueue {
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
static func main() {
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
let queue = LinkedListQueue()
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 1)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 3)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 2)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 5)
|
||||
queue.offer(num: 4)
|
||||
print("队列 queue = \(queue.toArray())")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
let peek = queue.peek()
|
||||
print("队首元素 peek = \(peek)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
let poll = queue.poll()
|
||||
print("出队元素 poll = \(poll),出队后 queue = \(queue.toArray())")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
let size = queue.size()
|
||||
print("队列长度 size = \(size)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
let isEmpty = queue.isEmpty()
|
||||
print("队列是否为空 = \(isEmpty)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
_size == 0
|
||||
size() == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func pop() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
_peek = _peek?.next
|
||||
@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if _size == 0 {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return _peek!.val
|
||||
|
39
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.swift
Normal file
39
codes/swift/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.swift
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: queue.swift
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-01-11
|
||||
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
@main
|
||||
enum Queue {
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
static func main() {
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
// Swift 没有内置的队列类,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
|
||||
var queue: [Int] = []
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.append(1)
|
||||
queue.append(3)
|
||||
queue.append(2)
|
||||
queue.append(5)
|
||||
queue.append(4)
|
||||
print("队列 queue = \(queue)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
let peek = queue.first!
|
||||
print("队首元素 peek = \(peek)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
let pool = queue.removeFirst()
|
||||
print("出队元素 poll = \(pool),出队后 queue = \(queue)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
let size = queue.count
|
||||
print("队列长度 size = \(size)")
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
let isEmpty = queue.isEmpty
|
||||
print("队列是否为空 = \(isEmpty)")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -64,4 +64,127 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.build.Builder) void {
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_leetcode_two_sum.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_leetcode_two_sum = b.step("run_leetcode_two_sum", "Run leetcode_two_sum");
|
||||
run_step_leetcode_two_sum.dependOn(&run_cmd_leetcode_two_sum.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "Array"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_array
|
||||
const exe_array = b.addExecutable("array", "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.zig");
|
||||
exe_array.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_array.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_array.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_array.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_array = exe_array.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_array.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_array.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_array = b.step("run_array", "Run array");
|
||||
run_step_array.dependOn(&run_cmd_array.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "LinkedList"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_linked_list
|
||||
const exe_linked_list = b.addExecutable("linked_list", "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.zig");
|
||||
exe_linked_list.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_linked_list.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_linked_list.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_linked_list.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_linked_list = exe_linked_list.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_linked_list.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_linked_list.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_linked_list = b.step("run_linked_list", "Run linked_list");
|
||||
run_step_linked_list.dependOn(&run_cmd_linked_list.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "List"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_list
|
||||
const exe_list = b.addExecutable("list", "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.zig");
|
||||
exe_list.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_list.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_list.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_list.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_list = exe_list.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_list.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_list.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_list = b.step("run_list", "Run list");
|
||||
run_step_list.dependOn(&run_cmd_list.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_my_list
|
||||
const exe_my_list = b.addExecutable("my_list", "chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.zig");
|
||||
exe_my_list.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_my_list.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_my_list.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_my_list.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_my_list = exe_my_list.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_my_list.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_my_list.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_my_list = b.step("run_my_list", "Run my_list");
|
||||
run_step_my_list.dependOn(&run_cmd_my_list.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "Stack"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_stack
|
||||
const exe_stack = b.addExecutable("stack", "chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.zig");
|
||||
exe_stack.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_stack.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_stack.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_stack.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_stack = exe_stack.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_stack.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_stack.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_stack = b.step("run_stack", "Run stack");
|
||||
run_step_stack.dependOn(&run_cmd_stack.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_linkedlist_stack
|
||||
const exe_linkedlist_stack = b.addExecutable("linkedlist_stack", "chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.zig");
|
||||
exe_linkedlist_stack.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_linkedlist_stack.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_linkedlist_stack.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_linkedlist_stack.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_linkedlist_stack = exe_linkedlist_stack.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_linkedlist_stack.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_linkedlist_stack.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_linkedlist_stack = b.step("run_linkedlist_stack", "Run linkedlist_stack");
|
||||
run_step_linkedlist_stack.dependOn(&run_cmd_linkedlist_stack.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_array_stack
|
||||
const exe_array_stack = b.addExecutable("array_stack", "chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.zig");
|
||||
exe_array_stack.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_array_stack.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_array_stack.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_array_stack.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_array_stack = exe_linkedlist_stack.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_array_stack.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_array_stack.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_array_stack = b.step("run_array_stack", "Run array_stack");
|
||||
run_step_array_stack.dependOn(&run_cmd_array_stack.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "Bubble Sort"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_bubble_sort
|
||||
const exe_bubble_sort = b.addExecutable("bubble_sort", "chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig");
|
||||
exe_bubble_sort.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_bubble_sort.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_bubble_sort.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_bubble_sort.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_bubble_sort = exe_bubble_sort.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_bubble_sort.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_bubble_sort.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_bubble_sort = b.step("run_bubble_sort", "Run bubble_sort");
|
||||
run_step_bubble_sort.dependOn(&run_cmd_bubble_sort.step);
|
||||
|
||||
// Section: "Insertion Sort"
|
||||
// Source File: "chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.zig"
|
||||
// Run Command: zig build run_insertion_sort
|
||||
const exe_insertion_sort = b.addExecutable("insertion_sort", "chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.zig");
|
||||
exe_insertion_sort.addPackagePath("include", "include/include.zig");
|
||||
exe_insertion_sort.setTarget(target);
|
||||
exe_insertion_sort.setBuildMode(mode);
|
||||
exe_insertion_sort.install();
|
||||
const run_cmd_insertion_sort = exe_insertion_sort.run();
|
||||
run_cmd_insertion_sort.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
|
||||
if (b.args) |args| run_cmd_insertion_sort.addArgs(args);
|
||||
const run_step_insertion_sort = b.step("run_insertion_sort", "Run insertion_sort");
|
||||
run_step_insertion_sort.dependOn(&run_cmd_insertion_sort.step);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
117
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.zig
Normal file
117
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
|
||||
// File: array.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-07
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 随机返回一个数组元素
|
||||
pub fn randomAccess(nums: []i32) i32 {
|
||||
// 在区间 [0, nums.len) 中随机抽取一个整数
|
||||
var randomIndex = std.crypto.random.intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, nums.len);
|
||||
// 获取并返回随机元素
|
||||
var randomNum = nums[randomIndex];
|
||||
return randomNum;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 扩展数组长度
|
||||
pub fn extend(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []i32, enlarge: usize) ![]i32 {
|
||||
// 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
|
||||
var res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, nums.len + enlarge);
|
||||
std.mem.set(i32, res, 0);
|
||||
// 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
|
||||
std.mem.copy(i32, res, nums);
|
||||
// 返回扩展后的新数组
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num
|
||||
pub fn insert(nums: []i32, num: i32, index: usize) void {
|
||||
// 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
|
||||
var i = nums.len - 1;
|
||||
while (i > index) : (i -= 1) {
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[i - 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
|
||||
nums[index] = num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除索引 index 处元素
|
||||
pub fn remove(nums: []i32, index: usize) void {
|
||||
// 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
|
||||
var i = index;
|
||||
while (i < nums.len - 1) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[i + 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 遍历数组
|
||||
pub fn traverse(nums: []i32) void {
|
||||
var count: i32 = 0;
|
||||
// 通过索引遍历数组
|
||||
var i: i32 = 0;
|
||||
while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
count += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
count = 0;
|
||||
// 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for (nums) |_| {
|
||||
count += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 在数组中查找指定元素
|
||||
pub fn find(nums: []i32, target: i32) i32 {
|
||||
for (nums) |num, i| {
|
||||
if (num == target) return @intCast(i32, i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
const size: i32 = 5;
|
||||
var arr = [_]i32{0} ** size;
|
||||
std.debug.print("数组 arr = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, &arr);
|
||||
|
||||
var array = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n数组 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, &array);
|
||||
|
||||
// 随机访问
|
||||
var randomNum = randomAccess(&array);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n在 nums 中获取随机元素 {}", .{randomNum});
|
||||
|
||||
// 长度扩展
|
||||
var known_at_runtime_zero: usize = 0;
|
||||
var nums: []i32 = array[known_at_runtime_zero..array.len];
|
||||
var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
defer mem_arena.deinit();
|
||||
const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();
|
||||
nums = try extend(mem_allocator, nums, 3);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, nums);
|
||||
|
||||
// 插入元素
|
||||
insert(nums, 6, 3);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, nums);
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除元素
|
||||
remove(nums, 2);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, nums);
|
||||
|
||||
// 遍历数组
|
||||
traverse(nums);
|
||||
|
||||
// 查找元素
|
||||
var index = find(nums, 3);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 = {}\n", .{index});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
85
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.zig
Normal file
85
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
// File: linked_list.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-07
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 在链表的结点 n0 之后插入结点 P
|
||||
pub fn insert(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), P: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {
|
||||
var n1 = n0.?.next;
|
||||
n0.?.next = P;
|
||||
P.?.next = n1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除链表的结点 n0 之后的首个结点
|
||||
pub fn remove(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {
|
||||
if (n0.?.next == null) return;
|
||||
// n0 -> P -> n1
|
||||
var P = n0.?.next;
|
||||
var n1 = P.?.next;
|
||||
n0.?.next = n1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问链表中索引为 index 的结点
|
||||
pub fn access(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), index: i32) ?*inc.ListNode(i32) {
|
||||
var head = node;
|
||||
var i: i32 = 0;
|
||||
while (i < index) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
head = head.?.next;
|
||||
if (head == null) return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return head;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 在链表中查找值为 target 的首个结点
|
||||
pub fn find(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), target: i32) i32 {
|
||||
var head = node;
|
||||
var index: i32 = 0;
|
||||
while (head != null) {
|
||||
if (head.?.val == target) return index;
|
||||
head = head.?.next;
|
||||
index += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化链表
|
||||
// 初始化各个结点
|
||||
var n0 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 1};
|
||||
var n1 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 3};
|
||||
var n2 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 2};
|
||||
var n3 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 5};
|
||||
var n4 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 4};
|
||||
// 构建引用指向
|
||||
n0.next = &n1;
|
||||
n1.next = &n2;
|
||||
n2.next = &n3;
|
||||
n3.next = &n4;
|
||||
std.debug.print("初始化的链表为", .{});
|
||||
try inc.PrintUtil.printLinkedList(i32, &n0);
|
||||
|
||||
// 插入结点
|
||||
var tmp = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 0};
|
||||
insert(&n0, &tmp);
|
||||
std.debug.print("插入结点后的链表为", .{});
|
||||
try inc.PrintUtil.printLinkedList(i32, &n0);
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除结点
|
||||
remove(&n0);
|
||||
std.debug.print("删除结点后的链表为", .{});
|
||||
try inc.PrintUtil.printLinkedList(i32, &n0);
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问结点
|
||||
var node = access(&n0, 3);
|
||||
std.debug.print("链表中索引 3 处的结点的值 = {}\n", .{node.?.val});
|
||||
|
||||
// 查找结点
|
||||
var index = find(&n0, 2);
|
||||
std.debug.print("链表中值为 2 的结点的索引 = {}\n", .{index});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
81
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.zig
Normal file
81
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
|
||||
// File: list.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-07
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化列表
|
||||
var list = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
// 延迟释放内存
|
||||
defer list.deinit();
|
||||
try list.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 });
|
||||
std.debug.print("列表 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问元素
|
||||
var num = list.items[1];
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = {}", .{num});
|
||||
|
||||
// 更新元素
|
||||
list.items[1] = 0;
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 清空列表
|
||||
list.clearRetainingCapacity();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n清空列表后 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 尾部添加元素
|
||||
try list.append(1);
|
||||
try list.append(3);
|
||||
try list.append(2);
|
||||
try list.append(5);
|
||||
try list.append(4);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n添加元素后 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 中间插入元素
|
||||
try list.insert(3, 6);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除元素
|
||||
var value = list.orderedRemove(3);
|
||||
_ = value;
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 通过索引遍历列表
|
||||
var count: i32 = 0;
|
||||
var i: i32 = 0;
|
||||
while (i < list.items.len) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
count += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 直接遍历列表元素
|
||||
count = 0;
|
||||
for (list.items) |_| {
|
||||
count += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 拼接两个列表
|
||||
var list1 = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
defer list1.deinit();
|
||||
try list1.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 });
|
||||
try list.insertSlice(list.items.len, list1.items);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n将列表 list1 拼接到 list 之后,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
// 排序列表
|
||||
std.sort.sort(i32, list.items, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(i32));
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n排序列表后 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, list);
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
177
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.zig
Normal file
177
codes/zig/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
|
||||
// File: my_list.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 列表类简易实现
|
||||
// 编译期泛型
|
||||
pub fn MyList(comptime T: type) type {
|
||||
return struct {
|
||||
const Self = @This();
|
||||
|
||||
nums: []T = undefined, // 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
numsCapacity: usize = 10, // 列表容量
|
||||
numSize: usize = 0, // 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
extendRatio: usize = 2, // 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
|
||||
mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 内存分配器
|
||||
|
||||
// 构造函数(分配内存+初始化列表)
|
||||
pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {
|
||||
if (self.mem_arena == null) {
|
||||
self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
|
||||
self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
|
||||
}
|
||||
self.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.numsCapacity);
|
||||
std.mem.set(T, self.nums, @as(T, 0));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 析构函数(释放内存)
|
||||
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
|
||||
if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
|
||||
self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {
|
||||
return self.numSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取列表容量
|
||||
pub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {
|
||||
return self.numsCapacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问元素
|
||||
pub fn get(self: *Self, index: usize) T {
|
||||
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
if (index >= self.size()) @panic("索引越界");
|
||||
return self.nums[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 更新元素
|
||||
pub fn set(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) void {
|
||||
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
if (index >= self.size()) @panic("索引越界");
|
||||
self.nums[index] = num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 尾部添加元素
|
||||
pub fn add(self: *Self, num: T) !void {
|
||||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();
|
||||
self.nums[self.size()] = num;
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
self.numSize += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 中间插入元素
|
||||
pub fn insert(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) !void {
|
||||
if (index >= self.size()) @panic("索引越界");
|
||||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();
|
||||
// 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
|
||||
var j = self.size() - 1;
|
||||
while (j >= index) : (j -= 1) {
|
||||
self.nums[j + 1] = self.nums[j];
|
||||
}
|
||||
self.nums[index] = num;
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
self.numSize += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除元素
|
||||
pub fn remove(self: *Self, index: usize) T {
|
||||
if (index >= self.size()) @panic("索引越界");
|
||||
var num = self.nums[index];
|
||||
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
var j = index;
|
||||
while (j < self.size() - 1) : (j += 1) {
|
||||
self.nums[j] = self.nums[j + 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
self.numSize -= 1;
|
||||
// 返回被删除元素
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 列表扩容
|
||||
pub fn extendCapacity(self: *Self) !void {
|
||||
// 新建一个长度为 size * extendRatio 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
var newCapacity = self.capacity() * self.extendRatio;
|
||||
var extend = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, newCapacity);
|
||||
std.mem.set(T, extend, @as(T, 0));
|
||||
// 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
|
||||
std.mem.copy(T, extend, self.nums);
|
||||
self.nums = extend;
|
||||
// 更新列表容量
|
||||
self.numsCapacity = newCapacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 将列表转换为数组
|
||||
pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
var nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());
|
||||
std.mem.set(T, nums, @as(T, 0));
|
||||
for (nums) |*num, i| {
|
||||
num.* = self.get(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nums;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化列表
|
||||
var list = MyList(i32){};
|
||||
try list.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
// 延迟释放内存
|
||||
defer list.deinit();
|
||||
|
||||
// 尾部添加元素
|
||||
try list.add(1);
|
||||
try list.add(3);
|
||||
try list.add(2);
|
||||
try list.add(5);
|
||||
try list.add(4);
|
||||
std.debug.print("列表 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try list.toArray());
|
||||
std.debug.print(" ,容量 = {} ,长度 = {}", .{list.capacity(), list.size()});
|
||||
|
||||
// 中间插入元素
|
||||
try list.insert(3, 6);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try list.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除元素
|
||||
_ = list.remove(3);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try list.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问元素
|
||||
var num = list.get(1);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = {}", .{num});
|
||||
|
||||
// 更新元素
|
||||
list.set(1, 0);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try list.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
// 测试扩容机制
|
||||
list.set(1, 0);
|
||||
var i: i32 = 0;
|
||||
while (i < 10) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
// 在 i = 5 时,列表长度将超出列表容量,此时触发扩容机制
|
||||
try list.add(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n扩容后的列表 list = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try list.toArray());
|
||||
std.debug.print(" ,容量 = {} ,长度 = {}\n", .{list.capacity(), list.size()});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
62
codes/zig/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig
Normal file
62
codes/zig/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
// File: time_complexity.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 冒泡排序
|
||||
fn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) void {
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
var i: usize = nums.len - 1;
|
||||
while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {
|
||||
var j: usize = 0;
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
while (j < i) : (j += 1) {
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
var tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 冒泡排序(标志优化)
|
||||
fn bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: []i32) void {
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
var i: usize = nums.len - 1;
|
||||
while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {
|
||||
var flag = false; // 初始化标志位
|
||||
var j: usize = 0;
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
while (j < i) : (j += 1) {
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
var tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
flag = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (!flag) break; // 此轮冒泡未交换任何元素,直接跳出
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
var nums = [_]i32{ 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
bubbleSort(&nums);
|
||||
std.debug.print("冒泡排序完成后 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, &nums);
|
||||
|
||||
var nums1 = [_]i32{ 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
bubbleSortWithFlag(&nums1);
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n冒泡排序完成后 nums1 = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, &nums1);
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
33
codes/zig/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.zig
Normal file
33
codes/zig/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
||||
// File: time_complexity.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 插入排序
|
||||
fn insertionSort(nums: []i32) void {
|
||||
// 外循环:base = nums[1], nums[2], ..., nums[n-1]
|
||||
var i: usize = 1;
|
||||
while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
var base = nums[i];
|
||||
var j: usize = i;
|
||||
// 内循环:将 base 插入到左边的正确位置
|
||||
while (j >= 1 and nums[j - 1] > base) : (j -= 1) {
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j - 1]; // 1. 将 nums[j] 向右移动一位
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums[j] = base; // 2. 将 base 赋值到正确位置
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
var nums = [_]i32{ 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
insertionSort(&nums);
|
||||
std.debug.print("插入排序完成后 nums = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, &nums);
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
99
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.zig
Normal file
99
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
// File: stack.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 基于数组实现的栈
|
||||
// 编译期泛型
|
||||
pub fn ArrayStack(comptime T: type) type {
|
||||
return struct {
|
||||
const Self = @This();
|
||||
|
||||
stack: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null,
|
||||
|
||||
// 构造函数(分配内存+初始化栈)
|
||||
pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
|
||||
if (self.stack == null) {
|
||||
self.stack = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 析构函数(释放内存)
|
||||
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
|
||||
if (self.stack == null) return;
|
||||
self.stack.?.deinit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取栈的长度
|
||||
pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {
|
||||
return self.stack.?.items.len;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 判断栈是否为空
|
||||
pub fn empty(self: *Self) bool {
|
||||
return self.size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问栈顶元素
|
||||
pub fn top(self: *Self) T {
|
||||
if (self.size() == 0) @panic("栈为空");
|
||||
return self.stack.?.items[self.size() - 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 入栈
|
||||
pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {
|
||||
try self.stack.?.append(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 出栈
|
||||
pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {
|
||||
var num = self.stack.?.pop();
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 返回 ArrayList
|
||||
pub fn toList(self: *Self) std.ArrayList(T) {
|
||||
return self.stack.?;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化栈
|
||||
var stack = ArrayStack(i32){};
|
||||
stack.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
// 延迟释放内存
|
||||
defer stack.deinit();
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素入栈
|
||||
try stack.push(1);
|
||||
try stack.push(3);
|
||||
try stack.push(2);
|
||||
try stack.push(5);
|
||||
try stack.push(4);
|
||||
std.debug.print("栈 stack = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, stack.toList());
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问栈顶元素
|
||||
var top = stack.top();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈顶元素 top = {}", .{top});
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素出栈
|
||||
top = stack.pop();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n出栈元素 pop = {},出栈后 stack = ", .{top});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, stack.toList());
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取栈的长度
|
||||
var size = stack.size();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈的长度 size = {}", .{size});
|
||||
|
||||
// 判断栈是否为空
|
||||
var empty = stack.empty();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈是否为空 = {}", .{empty});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
120
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.zig
Normal file
120
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
// File: linkedlist_stack.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// 基于链表实现的栈
|
||||
// 编译期泛型
|
||||
pub fn LinkedListStack(comptime T: type) type {
|
||||
return struct {
|
||||
const Self = @This();
|
||||
|
||||
stackTop: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null, // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
stkSize: usize = 0, // 栈的长度
|
||||
mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
|
||||
mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 内存分配器
|
||||
|
||||
// 构造函数(分配内存+初始化栈)
|
||||
pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {
|
||||
if (self.mem_arena == null) {
|
||||
self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
|
||||
self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
|
||||
}
|
||||
self.stackTop = null;
|
||||
self.stkSize = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 析构函数(释放内存)
|
||||
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
|
||||
if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
|
||||
self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取栈的长度
|
||||
pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {
|
||||
return self.stkSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 判断栈是否为空
|
||||
pub fn empty(self: *Self) bool {
|
||||
return self.size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问栈顶元素
|
||||
pub fn top(self: *Self) T {
|
||||
if (self.size() == 0) @panic("栈为空");
|
||||
return self.stackTop.?.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 入栈
|
||||
pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {
|
||||
var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));
|
||||
node.init(num);
|
||||
node.next = self.stackTop;
|
||||
self.stackTop = node;
|
||||
self.stkSize += 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 出栈
|
||||
pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {
|
||||
var num = self.top();
|
||||
self.stackTop = self.stackTop.?.next;
|
||||
self.stkSize -= 1;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 将栈转换为数组
|
||||
pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {
|
||||
var node = self.stackTop;
|
||||
var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());
|
||||
std.mem.set(T, res, @as(T, 0));
|
||||
var i: usize = 0;
|
||||
while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {
|
||||
res[res.len - i - 1] = node.?.val;
|
||||
node = node.?.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化栈
|
||||
var stack = LinkedListStack(i32){};
|
||||
try stack.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
// 延迟释放内存
|
||||
defer stack.deinit();
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素入栈
|
||||
try stack.push(1);
|
||||
try stack.push(3);
|
||||
try stack.push(2);
|
||||
try stack.push(5);
|
||||
try stack.push(4);
|
||||
std.debug.print("栈 stack = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try stack.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问栈顶元素
|
||||
var top = stack.top();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈顶元素 top = {}", .{top});
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素出栈
|
||||
top = stack.pop();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n出栈元素 pop = {},出栈后 stack = ", .{top});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printArray(i32, try stack.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取栈的长度
|
||||
var size = stack.size();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈的长度 size = {}", .{size});
|
||||
|
||||
// 判断栈是否为空
|
||||
var empty = stack.empty();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈是否为空 = {}", .{empty});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
44
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.zig
Normal file
44
codes/zig/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.zig
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
// File: stack.zig
|
||||
// Created Time: 2023-01-08
|
||||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
const std = @import("std");
|
||||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||||
|
||||
// Driver Code
|
||||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||||
// 初始化栈
|
||||
// 在 zig 中,推荐将 ArrayList 当作栈来使用
|
||||
var stack = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
// 延迟释放内存
|
||||
defer stack.deinit();
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素入栈
|
||||
try stack.append(1);
|
||||
try stack.append(3);
|
||||
try stack.append(2);
|
||||
try stack.append(5);
|
||||
try stack.append(4);
|
||||
std.debug.print("栈 stack = ", .{});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, stack);
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问栈顶元素
|
||||
var top = stack.items[stack.items.len - 1];
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈顶元素 top = {}", .{top});
|
||||
|
||||
// 元素出栈
|
||||
top = stack.pop();
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n出栈元素 pop = {},出栈后 stack = ", .{top});
|
||||
inc.PrintUtil.printList(i32, stack);
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取栈的长度
|
||||
var size = stack.items.len;
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈的长度 size = {}", .{size});
|
||||
|
||||
// 判断栈是否为空
|
||||
var empty = if (stack.items.len == 0) true else false;
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n栈是否为空 = {}", .{empty});
|
||||
|
||||
const getchar = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||||
_ = getchar;
|
||||
}
|
@ -7,16 +7,42 @@ const ListNode = @import("ListNode.zig").ListNode;
|
||||
const TreeNode = @import("TreeNode.zig").TreeNode;
|
||||
|
||||
// Print an array
|
||||
// 编译期泛型
|
||||
pub fn printArray(comptime T: type, nums: []T) void {
|
||||
std.debug.print("[", .{});
|
||||
if (nums.len > 0) {
|
||||
for (nums) |num, j| {
|
||||
std.debug.print("{}{s}", .{num, if (j == nums.len-1) "]\n" else ", " });
|
||||
std.debug.print("{}{s}", .{num, if (j == nums.len-1) "]" else ", " });
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
std.debug.print("]", .{});
|
||||
std.debug.print("\n", .{});
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Print a list
|
||||
pub fn printList(comptime T: type, list: std.ArrayList(T)) void {
|
||||
std.debug.print("[", .{});
|
||||
if (list.items.len > 0) {
|
||||
for (list.items) |value, i| {
|
||||
std.debug.print("{}{s}", .{value, if (i == list.items.len-1) "]" else ", " });
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
std.debug.print("]", .{});
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Print a linked list
|
||||
pub fn printLinkedList(comptime T: type, node: ?*ListNode(T)) !void {
|
||||
if (node == null) return;
|
||||
var list = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||||
defer list.deinit();
|
||||
var head = node;
|
||||
while (head != null) {
|
||||
try list.append(head.?.val);
|
||||
head = head.?.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
for (list.items) |value, i| {
|
||||
std.debug.print("{}{s}", .{value, if (i == list.items.len-1) "\n" else "->" });
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
7
docker-compose.yml
Normal file
7
docker-compose.yml
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
||||
version: '3'
|
||||
services:
|
||||
hello-algo:
|
||||
build: .
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- "8000:8000"
|
||||
|
@ -97,7 +97,80 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="heap.go"
|
||||
// Go 语言中可以通过实现 heap.Interface 来构建整数大顶堆
|
||||
// 实现 heap.Interface 需要同时实现 sort.Interface
|
||||
type intHeap []any
|
||||
|
||||
// Push heap.Interface 的方法,实现推入元素到堆
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {
|
||||
// Push 和 Pop 使用 pointer receiver 作为参数
|
||||
// 因为它们不仅会对切片的内容进行调整,还会修改切片的长度。
|
||||
*h = append(*h, x.(int))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Pop heap.Interface 的方法,实现弹出堆顶元素
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Pop() any {
|
||||
// 待出堆元素存放在最后
|
||||
last := (*h)[len(*h)-1]
|
||||
*h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]
|
||||
return last
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Len sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Len() int {
|
||||
return len(*h)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Less sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {
|
||||
// 如果实现小顶堆,则需要调整为小于号
|
||||
return (*h)[i].(int) > (*h)[j].(int)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Swap sort.Interface 的方法
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {
|
||||
(*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Top 获取堆顶元素
|
||||
func (h *intHeap) Top() any {
|
||||
return (*h)[0]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
func TestHeap(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
/* 初始化堆 */
|
||||
// 初始化大顶堆
|
||||
maxHeap := &intHeap{}
|
||||
heap.Init(maxHeap)
|
||||
/* 元素入堆 */
|
||||
// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法,来添加元素
|
||||
heap.Push(maxHeap, 1)
|
||||
heap.Push(maxHeap, 3)
|
||||
heap.Push(maxHeap, 2)
|
||||
heap.Push(maxHeap, 4)
|
||||
heap.Push(maxHeap, 5)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
|
||||
top := maxHeap.Top()
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆顶元素为 %d\n", top)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
|
||||
// 调用 heap.Interface 的方法,来移除元素
|
||||
heap.Pop(maxHeap)
|
||||
heap.Pop(maxHeap)
|
||||
heap.Pop(maxHeap)
|
||||
heap.Pop(maxHeap)
|
||||
heap.Pop(maxHeap)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
||||
size := len(*maxHeap)
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆元素数量为 %d\n", size)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
||||
isEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0
|
||||
fmt.Printf("堆是否为空 %t\n", isEmpty)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
@ -188,7 +261,33 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="my_heap.go"
|
||||
type maxHeap struct {
|
||||
// 使用切片而非数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
|
||||
data []any
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
|
||||
func newHeap() *maxHeap {
|
||||
return &maxHeap{
|
||||
data: make([]any, 0),
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {
|
||||
return 2*i + 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {
|
||||
return 2*i + 2
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取父结点索引 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {
|
||||
// 向下整除
|
||||
return (i - 1) / 2
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
@ -249,7 +348,10 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="my_heap.go"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) peek() any {
|
||||
return h.data[0]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
@ -350,7 +452,29 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="my_heap.go"
|
||||
/* 元素入堆 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {
|
||||
// 添加结点
|
||||
h.data = append(h.data, val)
|
||||
// 从底至顶堆化
|
||||
h.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {
|
||||
for true {
|
||||
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
|
||||
p := h.parent(i)
|
||||
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
|
||||
if p < 0 || h.data[i].(int) <= h.data[p].(int) {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换两结点
|
||||
h.swap(i, p)
|
||||
// 循环向上堆化
|
||||
i = p
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
@ -477,7 +601,45 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="my_heap.go"
|
||||
/* 元素出堆 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) poll() any {
|
||||
// 判空处理
|
||||
if h.isEmpty() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("error")
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
|
||||
h.swap(0, h.size()-1)
|
||||
// 删除结点
|
||||
val := h.data[len(h.data)-1]
|
||||
h.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]
|
||||
// 从顶至底堆化
|
||||
h.siftDown(0)
|
||||
|
||||
// 返回堆顶元素
|
||||
return val
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
|
||||
func (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {
|
||||
for true {
|
||||
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 max
|
||||
l, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i
|
||||
if l < h.size() && h.data[l].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {
|
||||
max = l
|
||||
}
|
||||
if r < h.size() && h.data[r].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {
|
||||
max = r
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
|
||||
if max == i {
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 交换两结点
|
||||
h.swap(i, max)
|
||||
// 循环向下堆化
|
||||
i = max
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
@ -545,7 +707,16 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Go"
|
||||
|
||||
```go title="my_heap.go"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数,根据切片建堆 */
|
||||
func newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {
|
||||
// 所有元素入堆
|
||||
h := &maxHeap{data: nums}
|
||||
for i := len(h.data) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
|
||||
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
|
||||
h.siftDown(i)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return h
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||||
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
## 算法定义
|
||||
|
||||
「算法 Algorithm」是在有限时间内解决问题的一组指令或操作步骤。算法具有以下特性:
|
||||
「算法 Algorithm」是在有限时间内解决特定问题的一组指令或操作步骤。算法具有以下特性:
|
||||
|
||||
- 问题是明确的,需要拥有明确的输入和输出定义。
|
||||
- 解具有确定性,即给定相同输入时,输出一定相同。
|
||||
|
@ -41,4 +41,25 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
非常欢迎您和我一同来创作本书!
|
||||
|
||||
## 本地部署 hello-algo
|
||||
|
||||
### Docker
|
||||
|
||||
请确保 Docker 已经安装并启动,并根据如下命令离线部署。
|
||||
|
||||
稍等片刻,即可使用浏览器打开 `http://localhost:8000` 访问本项目。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
|
||||
cd hello-algo
|
||||
|
||||
docker-compose up -d
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令即可删除部署。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
docker-compose down
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
(TODO:教学视频)
|
||||
|
@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
1. 下载并安装 [OpenJDK](https://jdk.java.net/18/)(版本需满足 > JDK 9)。
|
||||
2. 在 VSCode 的插件市场中搜索 `java` ,安装 Java Extension Pack 。
|
||||
|
||||
## C/C++ 环境
|
||||
|
||||
## C++ 环境
|
||||
|
||||
1. Windows 系统需要安装 [MinGW](https://www.mingw-w64.org/downloads/) ,MacOS 自带 Clang 无需安装。
|
||||
1. Windows 系统需要安装 [MinGW](https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/) ([完整配置教程](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/77074009)),MacOS 自带 Clang 无需安装。
|
||||
2. 在 VSCode 的插件市场中搜索 `c++` ,安装 C/C++ Extension Pack 。
|
||||
|
||||
## Python 环境
|
||||
|
@ -231,7 +231,28 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Swift"
|
||||
|
||||
```swift title="queue.swift"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
// Swift 没有内置的队列类,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
|
||||
var queue: [Int] = []
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.append(1)
|
||||
queue.append(3)
|
||||
queue.append(2)
|
||||
queue.append(5)
|
||||
queue.append(4)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
let peek = queue.first!
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
let pool = queue.removeFirst()
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
let size = queue.count
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
let isEmpty = queue.isEmpty
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 队列实现
|
||||
@ -627,7 +648,59 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Swift"
|
||||
|
||||
```swift title="linkedlist_queue.swift"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListQueue {
|
||||
private var front: ListNode? // 头结点
|
||||
private var rear: ListNode? // 尾结点
|
||||
private var _size = 0
|
||||
|
||||
init() {}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
func size() -> Int {
|
||||
_size
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
size() == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
func offer(num: Int) {
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
let node = ListNode(x: num)
|
||||
// 如果队列为空,则令头、尾结点都指向该结点
|
||||
if front == nil {
|
||||
front = node
|
||||
rear = node
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 如果队列不为空,则将该结点添加到尾结点后
|
||||
else {
|
||||
rear?.next = node
|
||||
rear = node
|
||||
}
|
||||
_size += 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func poll() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
front = front?.next
|
||||
_size -= 1
|
||||
return num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("队列为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return front!.val
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于数组的实现
|
||||
@ -1042,7 +1115,63 @@ comments: true
|
||||
=== "Swift"
|
||||
|
||||
```swift title="array_queue.swift"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
private var nums: [Int] // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private var front = 0 // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
private var rear = 0 // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
init(capacity: Int) {
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
||||
func capacity() -> Int {
|
||||
nums.count
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
func size() -> Int {
|
||||
let capacity = capacity()
|
||||
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
||||
return (capacity + rear - front) % capacity
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
rear - front == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
func offer(num: Int) {
|
||||
if size() == capacity() {
|
||||
print("队列已满")
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
nums[rear] = num
|
||||
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
||||
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func poll() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
// 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
||||
front = (front + 1) % capacity()
|
||||
return num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("队列为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nums[front]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 队列典型应用
|
||||
|
@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
|
||||
_size == 0
|
||||
size() == 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
@ -653,6 +653,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func pop() -> Int {
|
||||
let num = peek()
|
||||
_peek = _peek?.next
|
||||
@ -662,22 +663,11 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if _size == 0 {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return _peek!.val
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
func toArray() -> [Int] {
|
||||
var node = _peek
|
||||
var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)
|
||||
for i in sequence(first: res.count - 1, next: { $0 >= 0 + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {
|
||||
res[i] = node!.val
|
||||
node = node?.next
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -994,8 +984,9 @@ comments: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
@discardableResult
|
||||
func pop() -> Int {
|
||||
if stack.isEmpty {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return stack.removeLast()
|
||||
@ -1003,16 +994,11 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
func peek() -> Int {
|
||||
if stack.isEmpty {
|
||||
if isEmpty() {
|
||||
fatalError("栈为空")
|
||||
}
|
||||
return stack.last!
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
func toArray() -> [Int] {
|
||||
stack
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ comments: true
|
||||
|
||||
结点的两个指针分别指向「左子结点 Left Child Node」和「右子结点 Right Child Node」,并且称该结点为两个子结点的「父结点 Parent Node」。给定二叉树某结点,将左子结点以下的树称为该结点的「左子树 Left Subtree」,右子树同理。
|
||||
|
||||
除了叶结点外,每个结点都有子结点和子树。例如,若将上图的「结点 2」看作父结点,那么其左子结点和右子结点分别为「结点 4」和「结点 5」,左子树和右子树分别为「结点 4 及其以下结点形成的树」和「结点 5 及其以下结点形成的树」。
|
||||
除了叶结点外,每个结点都有子结点和子树。例如,若将下图的「结点 2」看作父结点,那么其左子结点和右子结点分别为「结点 4」和「结点 5」,左子树和右子树分别为「结点 4 及其以下结点形成的树」和「结点 5 及其以下结点形成的树」。
|
||||
|
||||
![binary_tree_definition](binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_definition.png)
|
||||
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user