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feat: Deque implemented using linked list (#307)
* deque: code * deque: md * deque: 修改代码注释 * deque: 修改md文档中代码示例 * deque: 优化注释 * deque: 优化md代码注释 * deque: 添加草图 * deque: rename file * deque: 优化代码注释 * deque: 更改md中代码示例 * deque: 优化代码,链表的入队和出队依赖size来判断 * deque: 更新md中代码示例 * deque: 更改readme代码示例,并移除了没有使用的代码 * Update deque.md * Update the figures and the content. * Add code blocks. --------- Co-authored-by: FangYuan <374072213@qq.com>
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docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.assets/linkedlist_deque.png
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@ -222,3 +222,195 @@ comments: true
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/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
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let isEmpty = deque.isEmpty
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```
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## 双向队列实现
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双向队列需要一种可以在两端添加、两端删除的数据结构。与队列的实现方法类似,双向队列也可以使用双向链表和循环数组来实现。
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### 基于双向链表的实现
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我们将双向链表的头结点和尾结点分别看作双向队列的队首和队尾,并且实现在两端都能添加与删除结点。
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=== "LinkedListDeque"
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![linkedlist_deque](deque.assets/linkedlist_deque.png)
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=== "pushLast()"
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![linkedlist_deque_push_last](deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_last.png)
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=== "pushFirst()"
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![linkedlist_deque_push_first](deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_first.png)
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=== "pollLast()"
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![linkedlist_deque_poll_last](deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_poll_last.png)
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=== "pollFirst()"
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![linkedlist_deque_poll_first](deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_poll_first.png)
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以下是使用双向链表实现双向队列的示例代码。
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=== "Java"
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```java title="linkedlist_deque.java"
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/* 双向链表结点 */
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class ListNode {
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int val; // 结点值
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ListNode next; // 后继结点引用(指针)
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ListNode prev; // 前驱结点引用(指针)
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ListNode(int val) {
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this.val = val;
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prev = next = null;
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}
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}
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/* 基于双向链表实现的双向队列 */
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class LinkedListDeque {
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private ListNode front, rear; // 头结点 front ,尾结点 rear
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private int size = 0; // 双向队列的长度
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public LinkedListDeque() {
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front = rear = null;
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}
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/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
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public int size() {
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return size;
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}
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/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
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public boolean isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 入队操作 */
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private void offer(int num, boolean isFront) {
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ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
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// 若链表为空,则令 front, rear 都指向 node
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if (isEmpty())
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front = rear = node;
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// 队首入队操作
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else if (isFront) {
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// 将 node 添加至链表头部
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front.prev = node;
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node.next = front;
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front = node; // 更新头结点
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// 队尾入队操作
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} else {
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// 将 node 添加至链表尾部
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rear.next = node;
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node.prev = rear;
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rear = node; // 更新尾结点
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}
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size++; // 更新队列长度
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}
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/* 队首入队 */
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public void offerFirst(int num) {
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offer(num, true);
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}
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/* 队尾入队 */
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public void offerLast(int num) {
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offer(num, false);
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}
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/* 出队操作 */
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private Integer poll(boolean isFront) {
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// 若队列为空,直接返回 null
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if (isEmpty())
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return null;
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int val;
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// 队首出队操作
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if (isFront) {
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val = front.val; // 暂存头结点值
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// 删除头结点
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ListNode fNext = front.next;
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if (fNext != null) {
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fNext.prev = null;
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front.next = null;
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}
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front = fNext; // 更新头结点
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// 队尾出队操作
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} else {
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val = rear.val; // 暂存尾结点值
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// 删除尾结点
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ListNode rPrev = rear.prev;
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if (rPrev != null) {
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rPrev.next = null;
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rear.prev = null;
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}
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rear = rPrev; // 更新尾结点
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}
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size--; // 更新队列长度
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return val;
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}
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/* 队首出队 */
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public Integer pollFirst() {
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return poll(true);
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}
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/* 队尾出队 */
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public Integer pollLast() {
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return poll(false);
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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public Integer peekFirst() {
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return isEmpty() ? null : front.val;
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}
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/* 访问队尾元素 */
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public Integer peekLast() {
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return isEmpty() ? null : rear.val;
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}
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}
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```
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=== "C++"
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```cpp title="linkedlist_deque.cpp"
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```
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=== "Python"
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```python title="linkedlist_deque.py"
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```
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=== "Go"
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```go title="linkedlist_deque.go"
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```
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=== "JavaScript"
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```js title="linkedlist_deque.js"
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```
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=== "TypeScript"
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```typescript title="linkedlist_deque.ts"
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```
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=== "C"
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```c title="linkedlist_deque.c"
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```
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=== "C#"
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```csharp title="linkedlist_deque.cs"
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```
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="linkedlist_deque.swift"
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```
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