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add in-process cache doc
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doc/collection.md
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107
doc/collection.md
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# 通过 collection.Cache 进行缓存
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go-zero微服务框架中提供了许多开箱即用的工具,好的工具不仅能提升服务的性能而且还能提升代码的鲁棒性避免出错,实现代码风格的统一方便他人阅读等等,本系列文章将分别介绍go-zero框架中工具的使用及其实现原理
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## 进程内缓存工具[collection.Cache](https://github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tree/master/core/collection/cache.go)
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在做服务器开发的时候,相信都会遇到使用缓存的情况,go-zero 提供的简单的缓存封装 **collection.Cache**,简单使用方式如下
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```go
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// 初始化 cache,其中 WithLimit 可以指定最大缓存的数量
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c, err := collection.NewCache(time.Minute, collection.WithLimit(10000))
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if err != nil {
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panic(err)
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}
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// 设置缓存
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c.Set("key", user)
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// 获取缓存,ok:是否存在
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v, ok := c.Get("key")
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// 删除缓存
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c.Del("key")
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// 获取缓存,如果 key 不存在的,则会调用 func 去生成缓存
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v, err := c.Take("key", func() (interface{}, error) {
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return user, nil
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})
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```
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cache 实现的建的功能包括
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* 缓存自动失效,可以指定过期时间
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* 缓存大小限制,可以指定缓存个数
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* 缓存增删改
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* 缓存命中率统计
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* 并发安全
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* 缓存击穿
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实现原理:
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Cache 自动失效,是采用 TimingWheel(https://github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/blob/master/core/collection/timingwheel.go) 进行管理的
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``` go
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timingWheel, err := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, slots, func(k, v interface{}) {
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key, ok := k.(string)
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if !ok {
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return
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}
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cache.Del(key)
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})
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```
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Cache 大小限制,是采用 LRU 淘汰策略,在新增缓存的时候会去检查是否已经超出过限制,具体代码在 keyLru 中实现
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``` go
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func (klru *keyLru) add(key string) {
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if elem, ok := klru.elements[key]; ok {
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klru.evicts.MoveToFront(elem)
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return
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}
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// Add new item
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elem := klru.evicts.PushFront(key)
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klru.elements[key] = elem
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// Verify size not exceeded
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if klru.evicts.Len() > klru.limit {
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klru.removeOldest()
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}
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}
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```
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Cache 的命中率统计,是在代码中实现 cacheStat,在缓存命中丢失的时候自动统计,并且会定时打印使用的命中率, qps 等状态.
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打印的具体效果如下
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```go
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cache(proc) - qpm: 2, hit_ratio: 50.0%, elements: 0, hit: 1, miss: 1
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```
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缓存击穿包含是使用 syncx.SharedCalls(https://github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/blob/master/core/syncx/sharedcalls.go) 进行实现的,就是将同时请求同一个 key 的请求, 关于 sharedcalls 后续会继续补充。 相关具体实现是在:
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```go
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func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
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val, fresh, err := c.barrier.DoEx(key, func() (interface{}, error) {
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v, e := fetch()
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if e != nil {
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return nil, e
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}
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c.Set(key, v)
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return v, nil
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})
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if err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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if fresh {
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c.stats.IncrementMiss()
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return val, nil
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} else {
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// got the result from previous ongoing query
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c.stats.IncrementHit()
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}
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return val, nil
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}
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```
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本文主要介绍了go-zero框架中的 Cache 工具,在实际的项目中非常实用。用好工具对于提升服务性能和开发效率都有很大的帮助,希望本篇文章能给大家带来一些收获。
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@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ Content-Length: 0
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* [goctl使用帮助](doc/goctl.md)
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* [通过MapReduce降低服务响应时间](doc/mapreduce.md)
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* [关键字替换和敏感词过滤工具](doc/keywords.md)
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* [进程内缓存使用方法](doc/collection.md)
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## 9. 微信交流群
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@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import (
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"fmt"
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"os"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/core/logx"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/api/apigen"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/api/dartgen"
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@ -22,6 +20,7 @@ import (
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/feature"
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model "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/model/sql/command"
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rpc "github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/rpc/command"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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)
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var (
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"os"
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"path/filepath"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/rpc/ctx"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/rpc/gen"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/util"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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)
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func Rpc(c *cli.Context) error {
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@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ import (
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"runtime"
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"strings"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/core/logx"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/util"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/util/console"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/util/project"
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"github.com/tal-tech/go-zero/tools/goctl/util/stringx"
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"github.com/urfave/cli"
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)
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const (
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